Research Progress and Future Development Trends of Automotive Suspension Systems

The automotive suspension system is a crucial component in vehicles, playing a vital role in driving comfort and driving stability. This article elaborates on the research progress and future development trends of automotive suspension systems from four aspects. Firstly, starting with the structure and principle of suspension systems, it introduces the differences between traditional and modern suspension systems. Then, it analyzes the improvement and optimization of suspension systems, including enhancements to shock absorbers, springs, and suspension structures. Next, it discusses the dynamic characteristics and optimization methods of suspension systems under different working conditions. After that, it looks forward to the future development directions of suspension systems, including the research directions of electric suspension systems, active suspension systems, and intelligent suspension systems. In conclusion, as an important part of automobiles, the research progress and future development trends of automotive suspension systems are of great significance for improving vehicle performance and riding comfort.

1. Research Progress of Automotive Suspension Systems

As a key component in automobiles, the research progress of automotive suspension systems has always attracted widespread attention. Traditional suspension systems mainly consist of shock absorbers, springs, and suspension structures. Through the improvement and optimization of suspension systems, the riding comfort and driving stability of vehicles can be enhanced.
Shock absorbers are one of the important components in suspension systems, whose function is to control the spring retraction of the vehicle body and dampen vibrations, thereby providing better comfort and handling. With the continuous development of science and technology, significant progress has been made in the research of automotive shock absorbers. For example, the emergence of new - type shock absorbers such as electromagnetic hydraulic shock absorbers and pneumatic shock absorbers has further improved the performance of suspension systems.
In addition to shock absorbers, springs are also an important part of automotive suspension systems. Traditional springs mainly include coil springs and hydraulic springs. With the continuous development and progress of materials science, the application of new materials such as composite materials and nanomaterials has improved the performance of springs.
The suspension structure is one of the key components in the automotive suspension system. By changing the parameters of the suspension structure, the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle body can be altered, thereby improving the driving stability and handling of the vehicle. Therefore, the research on suspension structures has always been a hot topic in the field of suspension system research.

2. Optimization Methods of Automotive Suspension Systems

The improvement and optimization of automotive suspension systems are important means to enhance vehicle performance and riding comfort. By improving shock absorbers, springs, and suspension structures, the performance of automotive suspension systems can be further improved.
For the improvement of shock absorbers, we can start with their structure and working principle. For instance, adopting new shock absorber structures such as magnetorheological shock absorbers and hydraulic displacement shock absorbers can improve the performance of shock absorbers.
For the improvement of springs, better materials and structures can be selected. For example, springs made of carbon fiber composite materials have better rigidity and fatigue resistance, which can improve the performance of the vehicle's suspension system.
The improvement of the suspension structure can start with the optimization of structural parameters. By optimizing the parameters of the suspension structure, such as the stiffness of the suspension spring and the damping coefficient of the shock absorber, the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle body can be changed, and the driving stability and handling of the vehicle can be improved.

3. Dynamic Characteristics and Optimization of Suspension Systems

The dynamic characteristics of suspension systems are of great significance for improving the driving stability and riding comfort of vehicles. The research on the dynamic characteristics of suspension systems can be carried out by establishing a mathematical model of the suspension system and conducting optimization solutions.
The dynamic characteristics of the suspension system include the rolling, pitching, and yawing movements of the vehicle body, as well as the vertical dynamics of the wheel mass points. Under different working conditions, the dynamic characteristics of the suspension system vary. Therefore, it is necessary to study and optimize the dynamic characteristics according to specific working conditions.
The optimization method can be carried out by combining numerical simulation and experiments. By establishing a mathematical model of the suspension system, the dynamic characteristics of the suspension system can be analyzed and calculated. Then, through experimental verification and parameter optimization, the dynamic characteristics of the suspension system can be further improved.

4. Future Development Directions of Suspension Systems

With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, suspension systems are also constantly developing towards electrification, intelligence, and actuation.
The electric suspension system is an important development direction of suspension systems. By adopting electric suspension systems, the suspension performance and riding comfort of vehicles can be improved, and energy consumption and environmental pollution can be reduced.
The intelligent suspension system is another important development direction. By using sensors and control systems, the working state of the suspension system can be monitored and adjusted in real - time, providing better driving comfort and driving stability.
The active suspension system is another development direction of suspension systems. By adopting active suspension systems, the working parameters of the suspension system can be adjusted according to different working conditions and driving needs, providing better suspension performance and handling.
This article elaborates on the research progress and future development trends of automotive suspension systems from four aspects: the research progress of suspension systems, optimization methods, dynamic characteristics, and future development directions. With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, the research and optimization of suspension systems will provide better solutions for improving vehicle performance and riding comfort.